There are few models which also display of heart rate in beats per minutes. Such models provides information similar to fetal stethoscope. An important aspect of fetal Doppler monitor is that it allows other people apart from the user to listen to the heartbeat. The disadvantage with this is that it is a complex machine with high cost and low credibility.

Digital Fetal Doppler:

A normal fetal doopler will not tell you the total count of your baby’s heart beat. Digital fetal doopler is considered a better choice as it displays the automatic count of heart beat per minute. Actually, the heart of baby beats very fast so it can not be manually calculated. Digital doopler helps you in getting that count automatically on per minute basis. A good quality of doopler will help you hearing the heart beat right from 8 weeks itself.

Digital doopler works by converting the turning movements of the baby into sound. If you hear a fast heart beat of your baby. No need to worry as the fast heart beat is a sign of strong heart. There are few dooplers which need application of gel over the stomach before using them but some of them are there which can be directly used without any application.

So, the use of dooplers will make you happy and will also help you in knowing the well being of your unborn baby. You can either purchase them or rent them easily and enjoy your pregnancy period.

Types Of Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR):
There are types of intrauterine growth restrictions. These are:

• Systemic Or Primary Intrauterine Growth Restriction: It is the condition in which all the internal organs of baby are reduced to a smaller size. This condition is found in 20 – 25% of the cases.
• Asymmetric Or Secondary Intrauterine Growth Restriction: It is the condition in which the head and brain of the developing baby is of the normal size but abdominal portion gets reduced. This condition can be evident only after the third trimester begins.

Causes Of Intrauterine Growth Restriction ( IUGR):
The causes of intrauterine growth restriction are:

• Mother has heart disease
• Weight of mother is less than 100 pounds
• Chromosomal abnormalities or birth defects
• Pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH)
• Abnormality in umbilical cord
• Abnormality in placenta
• Mother suffers from gestational diabetes
• Multiple pregnancies
• Low levels of amniotic fluid

Risks To Baby Born With IUGR:

• The baby born can have an increased risk of hypoxia ( lack of oxygen when baby is born).
• The chances of cesarean delivery increases in such conditions
• A condition called meconium aspiration can occur in which the baby swallows the part of first bowel movement. This can cause pneumothorax or development of bacterial pneumonia in the thorax region.
• Hypoglycemia or low blood sugar
• Polycythemia ( increase in number RBCs.)
• Hyper viscosity or a condition in which the flow of blood is reduced due an increase in RBCs.
• Chances of motor and neurological disabilities increases.

There are many complications which occur suddenly and can prove fatal for your baby. Some information regarding some situations like breech baby, episiotomy, premature labor are discussed below.

Types Of Childbirth Complications:

Some of the complications of childbirth are mentioned below:

• Breech Birth: It is the condition in which the legs of the baby are flexed at the hips or when one or both the knees are flexed or not extended. This condition is caused due to many reasons like:
  • In case of multiples
  • Amount of amniotic acid is too little
  • The shape of uterus is abnormal
  • Baby has hydrocephalus
  • Mother is suffering from placenta previa.
• Preterm Labor Or Premature Birth: Preterm labor gives rise to premature birth. Preterm labor is the labor pain or the contraction which makes the cervix to dilate, thin out before its usually time. There are several risks which are attached with the preterm labor. Some of these risks includes:
  • Infections in kidney
  • Vaginal infections, urinary tract infections, infections which are sexually transmitted.
  • Vaginal bleeding after 20 weeks of pregnancy
  • Infection will be accompanied with fever during the pregnancy period.
  • Weight will either increase or lose drastically during pregnancy period.
  • High BP or disease of kidney or diabetes are few of the chronic diseases
  • Pregnancy will be of shorter span.
  • A disorder in clotting process will be noticed.

If this disease will remain untreated in women for a longer time, it can spread up to the fallopian tubes and can block their very ends. They can also also form a scar around the fallopian tubes and many similar condition can arise which can result in infertility.

Chlamydia and Infertility:

If the infection of chlamydia is left untreated for a longer time it, then it becomes dormant for several months. Slowly it travels through the cervix and reaches the fallopian tubes to cause a condition called Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID). The symptoms of this condition includes fever, pain during sex and abdominal pain.

If this condition of PID is also left untreated then it can result in blockage of the fallopian tubes which results in infertility. In other cases, the infection moves up in the reproductive tract and results in the swelling of the uterus, fallopian tubes and the surrounding area. This part can be filled with pus and cause inflammation.

Some times a scar develops around the fallopian tubes which creates the difficulty for the tube to pick up the egg at the time of ovulation. All the above conditions increases the risks of infertility and also for ectopic pregnancy too.

This disease can be cured and if it is left incured then it can result in pelvic inflammatory disease in women which can a reason for infertility and also damage to the reproductive organs.

Symptoms Of Chlamydia:
The symptoms of chlamydia includes:

• Increase in vaginal discharge
• Pain in the lower abdomen
• Urinating is followed by the pain
• Painful sex will be there
• Bleeding will be there in between the sex and after sex.

How Can Chlamydia Affect Pregnancy:

Chlamydia during pregnancy can result in various infections in the amniotic sac and its fluid. Pre term or premature rupture of the membranes and pre term birth can happen due to this condition. Chlamydia also increases the risks for miscarriages too. These can be reduced if the immediate treatment is undertaken.

If Chlamydia is left untreated it can also result in HIV infection. If this infection will be caused during labor then there are huge chances of this disease to get transferred to your baby.

Previous Chlamydia Causes Problems With Pregnancy:

If you had suffered from Chlamydiae infection you can face problems with your pregnancy. Actually, the infection of Chlamydia causes damage to the pelvic region and the corresponding reproductive organs. This can be directly linked with some of the main problems of the pregnancy.

Ectopic pregnancy is the main condition which is directly linked with the chlamydia infection. Apart from this major issues of infertility can also be the result of this infection which has taken place earlier.

Types Of Anaesthesia Used For Labor:

Use Of General And Regional Anaesthesia During Labor:
The general and regional Anaesthesia was used in the earlier days. It was given to the ladies before delivery. This anaesthesia puts the entire body and mind to complete sleep. It very safe and sound substance and used today but only in serious caesarean operations. This type of anaesthesia have the drawback that when patient wakes up after the operation he or she will wake up disoriented, restless and may vomit. They may have sluggish bowels and bladder.

Epidural During The Labor and Child Birth:

Epidural is also an anaesthesia which is injected into the spine directly. So, it first infects the spine and from there it enters the blood stream. It takes nearly 15 minutes to be activated and make the person unconscious. As this anaesthesia is injected through the spine it do not harm the baby in any sense.
As this do not work like an instant shot this has to be given 15 minutes prior to the operation. This injection will make the entire lower numb and the pain of the contractions will not be felt.

Local Anaesthesia:

This type of anaesthesia is very commonly used these days as it numbs only a small part of the body. It for the same reason it is called as local anaesthesia. Once it is injected portion which is to be operated becomes numb and person becomes unconscious for an hour or so. This is also used for labor and abortion purposes.

The painful breastfeeding takes place due to some kind of inflammation on the breast. The skin in the affected part becomes red and warm. There are various causes for such conditions to arise.

Causes For Painful Breastfeeding:

• Engorgement: It is the condition in which the mother experiences the fullness of the breast which can be due to the increase in the supply of blood to the breast along with the some swelling in them. This condition results in the painful breasts for few days.
• Blocked Ducts: The ducts gets blocked when the milk which is produced is prevented from passing into the nipples through the ducts. The blocking of the ducts can occur at time of feeding. In this condition the pain is confined upto one area only. Redness will be noticed in the tender part of the lump area. All these symptoms, signifies the presence of some infection in the ducts.
• Mastitis And Breast Abcess: Both these are the infections of the breast in which excessive pain is noticed in the breasts which is involves the whole breasts. Some other symptoms of Mastitis includes headaches, fever and other achy symptoms which can pretend to be flu like.
• Thrush: This is also a fungal infection which can result in the painful feeding through the breast.

Causes For Cracked And Sore Nipples:

Cracked and sore nipples are due various reasons. The main cause for this condition, is that the baby is not sucks the nipple hardly as it can not get the milk in sufficient amount. If the baby sucks the nipples just for fun and do not latch properly there are chances for the cracked and sore nipples to appear. Therefore, the mother must not remove the baby without breaking the suction as it can also result in the sore and cracked nipples.

Treatment Of Cracked And Sore Nipples:

• Don’t allow the milk to dry on your nipples.
• Breast milk itself is a skin softener and has the capacity to heal your cracked and sore nipples. So, allow your nipples to dry in air naturally or use electric dryer for the purpose.
• Avoid wearing clothes which can irritate your nipples.
• Apply some creams, gels, oils on your nipples and breast to keep them moist and clean. Never use mustard oil as it can cause irritation. Always clean your cream or oil before feeding your baby.
• Do not stop feeding even if your nipples are cracked or sore.
• Feed the baby with the nipple which pains less.
• Always keep changing the side of breast which is used for feeding.
• Never remove the crusts of dried milk from the cracked and sore nipples as it can worsen the situation.

Causes Of Thrush Nipples:

The thrush nipples are caused due to the fungal infection of Candida albicans.

Symptoms Of Thrush Nipples:
The symptoms of thrush nipples are:

• Pain in the nipple and /or breast is the main symptom
• Pain in the nipple is often accompanied by the itching, burning or stinging which can be mild to severe.
• Nipples can be tender in touch and even the slight touch by hand or the cloth can result in pain and itching.
• Breast pain is not constant one. It radiates through out the breast and can be a shooting pain.
• The pain in the breast and the nipples will be noticed mostly before and after the feeding process.

Signs For The Thrush Nipples:
Some of the signs for thrush nipples to develop are:

• The nipples or nipple will become bright pink in color
• The areola can become dry, flaky and will have the red color
• Rarely a white rash can also be noticed
• Cracks in the nipples will be noticed which can be difficult to heal
• The symptoms of the thrush will also be seen on the mouth of the baby
• The mouth of the baby will have white thick coating on the inner side of the cheeks and on the upper portion of the tongue.
• Baby’s bottom will have red rash which will be surrounded by the red spots all around it.

Umbilical Cord Infection:

The cord of umbilical is a dead tissue and gets rotten off slowly. Whenever the skin around the baby’s belly button gets swollen up, red in color, and inflamed it can be the signs for the developing infection. In Case the infection becomes severe it can be a threat for the life too.

The factors which can result in infection of the umbilical cord are:

• If the cord is cut with non sterile instrument then it can result in the infection.
• If baby is kept along with many other babies. In such a case there are chances for the transfer of the disease or infection.
• The infection is commonly found in the premature babies where the immune system is not totally developed to prevent any such infection.

Steps Taken To Avoid Infection:
Few steps must be taken care of to avoid the infection of the umbilical cord. These are:

• The stump of the umbilical and area surrounding it must be kept clean.
• Use of alcohol must be done carefully while using it for cleaning purposes in and around the umbilical.
• Make sure that cord is always exposed to air. This is because exposure to air will minimise the healing time of the umbilical cord.
• The baby must be given a sponge bath till the time the umbilical cord has fallen off.
• Make sure that umbilical cord dries off natural as this is the best way to prevent infection away from it.
• Any kind of redness, swelling, discharge is the indication of some infection. So, if this happens immediate medical aid must be taken.