In cases of incompetent cervix, the cervix slowly thins and opens without any contractions or labor. This causes the fetus drop through the opening causing loss of baby. Major Causes of Incompetent cervix are not known. However, experts believe trauma to cervix, hormonal changes during pregnancy, use of certain drugs like diethylstilbestrol (DES) as major reasons for incompetent cervix.

The chances of this abnormality grow when a women has had three consequent pregnancy losses during the second and third trimesters. In some women there are no obvious reasons for cervical incompetency. Some of the symptoms of cervical incompetency are back pain, pressure in lower abdomen, vaginal discharge, and surge of warm liquid from vagina.

Treatments for incompetent cervix include prescribing tocolytics (drugs that prevent labour contractions), pessary ( a rubber device that supports cervix), and surgeries. History of the patient is also considered while treating a patient. About 15 to 20% women are affected by miscarriages. But miscarriage due to incompetent cervix is 1%.

Here are few nursing guidelines to treat and provide support to the women affected with “incompetent cervix”:

• Patients are emotionally very disturbed in case of a miscarriage, so providing emotional support plays a key role.
• Assist and make efforts to maintain pregnancy, if possible.
• Evaluate fetal status.
• Understand the patients therapeutic needs.
• Provide complete information about the abnormality.
• Remember to discharge the patient only when the uterine contractions are absent.

Normally, one single egg is ovulated each month but in case more than one egg ovulates then the condition is termed as ‘Multiple Ovulation’. If both the eggs are released within a time period of 24 hrs. then there can be a possibility of fraternal twins. This condition arises only in 5- 10 % of the cycles and the chances of twins are also rare as most of the cases end in miscarriage which is referred as “Vanishing Twin Phenomenon”.

Multiple Embryonic Ovulation:

Although, multiple ovulation is not very common but it induced through medical treatment. These medications induced the probability of the ovaries to produce multiple eggs. This process is commonly followed in a process of ‘ Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer’ Where the fertilized eggs is transferred in the fallopian tubes.

Process Of “Zygote Intrafallopian Transfer”:

In this process first the ovaries of the women are stimulated to produce multiple eggs through medication. Then, these eggs are collected through a procedure called ‘Aspiration Procedure’. Now the eggs are fertilized in the laboratory by artificial means.

Once the eggs are fertilized they are placed deep into the fallopian tube through ‘Laparascopic Procedure’. After few days the symptoms of pregnancy can be noticed.

Actually when the levels of thyroid goes down in the body the glands of pituitary and hypothalamus stimulates Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)in the body. TSH in turn stimulates the Thyroid Regulating Hormone (TRH) which releases thyroid hormone. TRH also stimulates pituitary which releases prolactin. Prolactin can interfere with the ovulation and also suppress some hormones which stimulates ovary.

Treat Thyroid For Infertility:
There are various problems which establishes a connection in between the thyroid and infertility. Some of these problems are:

• The condition of Hypothyroidism can result in irregular menstrual cycles which can become a reason for infertility.
• Infertility can be due any of the two conditions of Hypothyroidism or Hyperthyroidism; as both of these conditions could hamper the process of ovulation. If this is done, then in spite of regular periods no fertilization would be done.
• This condition can form cysts in the uterus.
• It also raises the levels of prolactin in the body. The hormone of prolactin is responsible for secreting milk in pregnant mothers. High levels of this hormone can effect ovulation.

Association Of Thyroid With Infertility And Miscarriage:

In order to have a safe and successful pregnancy it is necessary that the levels of thyroid glands must remain stable. The proper levels of thyroid concentration ensures proper ovulation and then successful fertilization. But it not enough. To have a safe and healthy child it is very essential that the levels of thyroid are maintained up to the delivery time.