Iodine is an element that is found in minute amounts in the human body and has one of the most important functions that is the stimulation of the thyroid gland. This gland produces thyroid hormones which helps in the performance of several vital functions like development, growth, reproductive function and metabolism.There is an increased demand during early childhood and pregnancy. The human body has no role in the production of iodine and therefore we need to supply it through the diet. Iodine deficiency can cause certain serious conditions in the fetus during pregnancy.
How is Iodine related to Fetal Development
Iodine helps in the of thyroid hormones and these are responsible for the mental and physical growth of the fetus. This hormone production increases by 50% during the pregnancy, so there is an increase in the demand for iodine to produce these hormones. If this need of iodine is not met, then it leads to certain developmental issues in the fetus and can lead to irreversible and permanent damage of the brain.
How does Iodine Deficiency affect a Pregnant Women
Women suffering with iodine deficiency are at a greater risk of thyroid problems like hypothyroidism and goiter.Other complications include stillbirths, miscarriages, premature births and babies born to mothers who have severe deficiency of iodine may suffer severe mental retardation. Hearing impairment and speech disorders are also commonly seen. If a minute decrease in the iodine levels also occurs, even the intelligence quotient of the child is found to be reduced.
What are the causes of Deficiency in pregnancy
Iodine deficiency is not a problem in the developed countries as they meet their iodine needs through dietary sources. Iodine fortified salt and bread are the common sources rich in iodine content, but people living in certain areas of the geographical areas suffer from this disorder. This is mostly seen in the poorer sections of the society and occurs more in women than men.
What is the normal Intake of Iodine during Pregnancy
The WHO has set that the iodine intake for a pregnant women must be 200 – 250 g/ day. If the women takes less than the above levels, then she is at a greater risk of iodine deficiency disorders.
How to increase the iodine intake during Pregnancy
Women should be cautious about their dietary pattern. The natural iodine is consumed by the aquatic plants and animals, hence the seafood and seaweed are the excellent sources of natural iodine. A women can take vitamin supplements to meet the need for nutrients, but after consulting your doctor.The cattle and poultry are fed the fortified iodine foods and hence dairy products and chicken are also considered iodine rich foods. Even if the iodine deficiency is in minor forms during pregnancy, it can cause certain irreversible problems in the child. Hence, simple dietary changes can help you boost the iodine levels.
